Sometimes English spelling is confusing because one sound can be represented by multiple letters or letter combinations. Use the following chart as a reference to recognize the different spellings for English sounds. (The letters between slash marks “/ /” represent sounds.)
Information reproduced from the English Language Enhancement published by Reading Horizons. Used with permission.
Vowels | ||
Sound | Spelling | Example |
/ə/, /ŭ/ | a | about |
e | open | |
i | pencil | |
o | money, summon, lemon | |
u | cactus | |
/ā/ | a | gate |
ai | paint | |
ay | say | |
/ē/ | ea | dream |
ee | sweet | |
ie | field, chief | |
y | sunny | |
/ī/ | i | kite |
igh (ign) | tight, sign | |
ie | pie | |
y | fly, style | |
/ō/ | o | so, note, cold |
oa | boat | |
oe | toe | |
ow | show | |
/ū/ (as in suit) | u | suit, tube |
ue | blue | |
ui | suit | |
oo | food | |
ew | new | |
/ĭ/ | i | it |
y | gym | |
Special Vowel Sounds | ||
Sound | Spelling | Example |
/ow/ | ou | out |
ow | how | |
/oo/ (book) | oo | book |
u | push | |
/aw/ | aw | lawn |
au | fault | |
a | call | |
/oy/ | oy | boy |
oi | oil | |
Consonants | ||
Sound | Spelling | Example |
/k/ | c | cat |
k | kitten | |
ck | truck | |
ch | choir | |
/f/ | f | fish |
ff | stuff | |
gh | tough | |
ph | phone | |
/j/ | j | jump |
gi | giant | |
ge | gel | |
dge | fudge | |
/n/ | n | nest |
gn | gnome | |
kn | knee | |
/r/ | r | red |
wr | write | |
/s/ | s | sing |
ce | cent | |
ci | ci | |
cy | cycle | |
/sh/ | sh | shirt |
ch | chef | |
ti | lotion | |
ci | special | |
/ch/ | ch | chime |
tch | itch | |
Information reproduced from the English Language Enhancement published by Reading Horizons. Used with permission.
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